Our Town :: essays research papers

Our Town, by Thornton Wilder, is an American great, communicating with warmth and cleverness the unceasing facts of human presence. It is an encouraging, empathetic look around then before the Great Wars; before our guiltlessness was lost for eternity. From the hour of its first exhibitions in 1938, it has kept on being viewed as probably the best portrayal of life in America and of the wealth of our entertainment business world. For a considerable length of time it has stayed a milestone of dramatic craftsmanship and a caring image of American life. Victor of the Pulitzer Prize, Our Town portrays sentiment set against a foundation of hundreds of years of time, social history, and strict thoughts. As the Stage Manager (who capacities as a Greek chorale in the show) says: "This is how we were in our growing-up and in our wedding and in our doctoring and in our living and in our dying." Our Town is set in 1901 in Grover's Corners, New Hampshire, where the Gibbses and the Webbs are neighbors. During their youth George Gibbs and Emily Webb are companions and their lives are inseparably woven together as neighbors' lives are probably going to be. Yet, as they develop more seasoned they go into a condition of sentimental (and humiliating) enthusiasm for each other. George proposes to Emily in the medication store over a frozen yogurt pop, and they are hitched with all the great people of Grover's Corners in participation. Be that as it may, George and Emily's satisfaction is brief. Emily passes on in labor and is covered in the town's burial ground on a blustery, dismal day. There she is brought together with those companions and neighbors who have kicked the bucket before her, and who assist her with adjusting herself to her new presence. In one of the most crucial scenes in present day theater, the harmony and calm of death, which can never be comprehended by the livi ng, is depicted. Our Town isn't just about Emily and George and, without a doubt, isn't just about an unassuming community in northern New England a hundred years prior. Our Town is a play about what we (and Thornton Wilder) thought America and Americans were. As we are going to take a head-long jump into the following century we are constrained, not exclusively to look forward to what we may turn out to be, however to turn and glance back at what permitted us to show up at this limit of the new thousand years.

Participant observation assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Otto Von Bismarck Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Otto Von Bismarck - Term Paper Example To start with, after the thrashing of Austria, it was normal that Otto Von Bismarck would set a few expectations for some domain from Austria, yet rather, Otto Von Bismarck adjusted the strange procedure of neglecting to make such demands3. Otto Von Bismarck had looked for reasons to begin a war with Austria, by contending that they had disregarded the Convention of Gastein4. Thus, he charged the Prussian soldiers to assault Austria, however on understanding that the Austria troops were similarly solid, he produced a coalition with Italy which was keen on a portion of the Austria’s region in Venetia. This made the Austria’s armed force to be partitioned between battling the Prussian soldiers and the Italian soldiers, along these lines losing the war. It is this silly move inevitably came about to the unification of Germany, through the unification of the German States, to join powers in the Austro-Prussian War5. This is on the grounds that, with the avoidance of Austria from Germany, at that point it was feasible for Prussia to rule the German politics6. The other RealPolitik procedure applied by Otto Von Bismarck to accomplish the unification of Germany was that of continuing an adversary standpoint with France. Otto Von Bismarck incited France however attempting to force a German sovereign on the Spanish throne7. After the thrashing of Austria, France saw a unified Germany as a significant danger to the force legislative issues in Europe, and in this manner made a few endeavors to join with different domains, for example, Belgium and Luxemburg8. During such endeavors, Otto Von Bismarck kept France progressed to the interests, however France didn't win any of the regions, making France to be seen as covetous and forceful. This methodology was intended to guarantee that the German states would join under the Prussian position, with the goal that they would be offered assurance against the apparent animosity from France9. Trying to guarantee that France would be viewed as the assailant against Germany, Otto Von Bismarck

Pickering: The Victorian Gentleman

Pickering: The Victorian Gentleman Pickering the Victorian Gentleman: In the play numerous characters changed as the play went on like Pickering. Pickering in the play appeared to be a man of honor around others and furthermore regarded them as a courteous fellow would treat them. Be that as it may, in act 4 the peruser sees that Pickering isn't the man he appears to act or resemble. In act 4 the peruser sees a change from being a refined man to a disregarding man. The principal model is in act 4 where pickering is conversing with Higgins, another courteous fellow who ended up being an ill bred man too, about Liza while she is directly before them. This shows as opposed to recognizing Liza which is in the room during the discussion he in certainty overlooks her and afterward continues to discuss her and not positively yet bad. Before this happened the peruser can see that Pickering approaches Liza with deference and pride yet now we see that he in actuality disregards her in an extremely inconsiderate way. In act 5 we see pickering acts distinctive towards Liza by acting exceptionally deferential towards her. In act 5 he converses with her in a quiet very refined man like way while Higgins goes off on Liza for her demeanor in the closure of act 4. In act 5 the peruser sees that pickering demonstrations overall quite certain towards Liza to persuade her to return to Higgins house to complete what he began. This exhibits pickering can act decent towards her Liza by acting like a refined man towards her. Pickerings relationship with different characters like Higgin and Liza are conscious and very noble man like. With Higgins he treats him like a colleague or like a companion yet that's it. The peruser can see this in demonstration 3 when mrs.Higgin reveals to her child Liza isn't fit to be introduced to the general population wherein accordingly both Pickering and Higgins both recognition Liza for she has become. Another case of Pickering with Higgins is in act 2 where we see that Higgins doesn't have any close to home sentiments towards Liza yet just expert emotions. Pickerings mentality with Liza is additionally conscious in an expert and kind manner. A case of this is in act 2 where we see when Pickering offers to pay for all the exercises to Higgins for him to change Liza from a corner road bloom young lady to an ideal talking younglady deserving of being in a high class condition. Another model where we see Pickering being very man of honor like to Liza is in act 5 where Liza is conversing with Pickering about how he has helped her manufacture the sense of pride she had by Your calling me Miss Doolittle that day when I previously came to Wimpole Street. That was simply the starting appreciation for me. What's more, there were a hundred seemingly insignificant details you never saw, since they worked out easily for you. Things about standing up and removing your cap and opening doors㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦. During the victorian time dominant part of the men were respectable man or if nothing else pleasant to others. Pickering during this time discovered his job and duties and played it well by being a practically immaculate man of his word. The peruser sees this in demonstration 5 when Liza offered gratitude to Pickering for being a man of his word and treating her like a woman. Your calling me Miss Doolittle that day when I came to Wimpole Street. That was simply the starting appreciation for me. Another way he indicated a character that was only an honorable man was the point at which he offered to pay for the exercises that Liza would need to pay for herself with the cash that Higgins tossed at her in demonstration 1. Pickering allowed Liza the chance to transform into a high class lady with the capacity to be around other high class lady and act like she had a place there. This outlines despite the fact that Higgins just took it going Liza to a high class lady as a joke, Pickering c onsidered it to be a chance to turn a bloom young lady to something much better and he gave her that alternative. In the victorian time the way of life for men where either regarding ladies or not regarding them. Like in act 5 Higgins doesn't regard Liza when faced about what occurred in act 4 yet when Pickering confronts her likewise in act 5 he does as such in a way that regards Liza in a way that doesn't affront her or discourtesy her in any capacity. In end Pickering gives us that he was a man of his word through the greater part of the play and doesn't slight her in any capacity in light of the fact that those are a piece of his qualities, that is the manner by which he treats most of characters, and during that time that was the way of life at that point.

Deterrence theory and scientific findings on the deterrence value of severe punishment

Discouragement hypothesis and logical discoveries on the prevention estimation of serious discipline Discouragement hypothesis Deterrence hypothesis comes from conduct brain research and worries with the counteraction or control of improper activities through instillation of dread of disciplines. Discouragement hypothesis is a hypothesis in criminology and has discovered tenacious use in criminal equity framework. The hypothesis expresses that administrations can altogether lessen violations inside their purviews by raising the likelihood of capture, likelihood of conviction and the seriousness of disciplines (Mendes 60).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Deterrence hypothesis and logical discoveries on the prevention estimation of extreme discipline explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Deterrence hypothesis sees discipline in two different ways. In the main case, lawbreakers get serious open discipline so as to discourage (forestall) different people from submitting comparative offenses in future. In the subsequent case, prevention centers aro und the aberrance of the individual and endeavors to address conduct through discipline so as to demoralize the person from reiteration of such conduct. Prevention hypothesis legitimizes the authorization of discipline in lieu of the offense submitted. One of the most serious disciplines that specialists uphold on hoodlums is the death penalty. The death penalty accomplishes prevention since the executed individual can't carry out extra wrongdoings. Nonetheless, there is no accord on whether it accomplishes general discouragement. As per Amlie Mitschow (1162), there is disrupted discussion on whether the punishment can deter others from carrying out comparative violations. Authentic improvement of prevention hypothesis Punishment as to wrongdoing can be followed back to the scriptural occasions with the motto â€Å"an tit for tat, a tooth for a tooth.† However, Christians later accentuated resilience and pardoning instead of discipline to the degree of choosing not to retalia te. Defined by utilitarian thinkers Cesare Beccaria (1764), Jeremy Bentham (1789) and Montsquieu (1748), prevention hypothesis both clarifies wrongdoing just as methods for decreasing it. They contended that violations were assaults on people as well as on the general public (Mendes 61). This prompted the backing of discipline so as to ensure the general public through avoidance of wrongdoing. Immanuel Kant was unequivocal in censuring the wrongdoing of homicide and accordingly expressed that whoever submits murder must kick the bucket (Amlie Mitschow 1161). Since the beginning, serious discipline, all the more so the death penalty got endorsement by standard religions (Judaism, Islam and Christianity) under legitimate conditions in spite of the fact that Buddhists and Quakers constantly restrict capital punishment (Amlie Mitschow 1161). Plato underpins the training and contends that any individual saw as blameworthy of burglary either through misrepresentation or savagery, is hopel ess and ought to be rebuffed by death.Advertising Looking for article on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Arguments against obstruction hypothesis Debate has seethed on concerning the genuine effect of extreme discipline on the general government assistance of the general public. There are those that underwrite the death penalty while others doubtlessly revile the training. Contentions encompassing the death penalty rely upon the ethical perspective on those raising the contentions (Paternoster 776). Adversaries of the death penalty raise a few reasons why the training ought to be stopped in people. Widespread holiness of human life rises as the sole motivation behind why the death penalty ought to be canceled. The thought bases on the ethical rule that sentences any endeavor to end the life of an individual. This is fundamental to numerous strict customs, and the contention demonstrations both as a reason and a n end with no further thinking (Amlie Mitschow 1165). Fears exist because of the irreversible idea of the death penalty. This angle renders it hindering whenever applied on a guiltless individual. Rivals further refer to shortcomings in measurements and contend that these delays a hazard that should make states improve their legal procedures. Adversaries of the death penalty refer to various situations where prisoners on capital punishment had their sentences toppled (Amlie Mitschow 1164). The verifiable contention is that these cases concern improper conviction of blameless people. There is a contention that death penalty denies the offender of the chance to communicate their regret and make a commitment to society. It is workable for individuals to be changed and remunerate the general public. In any case, this contention flops as in equity ought not be exchanged for some obscure future worry from the convict (Amlie Mitschow 1164). Logical information report on the estimation of s erious discipline Dã ¶lling et al (204) report on a meta-investigation of 700 unique examinations directed to test the legitimacy of the prevention hypothesis. The meta-investigation covers contemplates directed somewhere in the range of 1952 and 2006. Out of the considerable number of studies, the obstruction theory gets endorsement in 53% of the examinations and a dismissal in 34% of the investigations. The scientists, be that as it may, find that discouragement is increasingly clear on mellow wrongdoings and discipline and nearly low with respect to capital punishment (Dã ¶lling et al 205). As indicated by Mendes (61) the impacts of probabilities of capture and conviction and the seriousness of discipline get various observations by people. There are equivocal discoveries with respect with the impacts of extreme disciplines in prevention hypothesis. Numerous exact examinations report that the seriousness of disciplines doesn't have obstacle impacts. Indeed, even in conditions w here it has an impact, it is feeble comparative with the impact of the conviction of discipline. Experimental research that fuses dangers recommends that crooks are more hazard acceptant (Mendes 70). This prompts the end that assurance of discipline has more prominent hindrance impacts when contrasted with the seriousness of the punishment.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Deterrence hypothesis and logical discoveries on the discouragement estimation of extreme discipline explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mendes and McDonald (596) report on logical discoveries directed on 33 investigations that show little proof of the seriousness of discipline and prevention. They contend that the issue isn't hypothesis yet rather the questions of experts with respect to the most fitting factual model to detail prevention hypothesis. Parts in the discouragement hypothesis all demonstration as one and hoodlums consider every one of them together and not exclusiv ely. Measurable models detailed and assessed with the discouragement bundle flawless shows an impact of the seriousness of discipline in prevention (Mendes McDonald 600). Measurable information focused on examinations between states has not yielded a lot of accomplishment. This is a direct result of contrasts in socioeconomics inside and between states. In addition, different elements that change over the range of the investigation influence between worldly examinations (Amlie Mitschow 1162). Most nations have abrogated the death penalty, and even where drilled, its application is questionable and inauspicious. End According to the discouragement hypothesis, counteraction of wrongdoing requires a mix of the likelihood of capture, likelihood of conviction given capture, and an extreme discipline given conviction. It is fundamental to consider the three parts mutually, as no single segment acting alone is adequate. Experimental discoveries of the impact of seriousness of discipline in discouragement have yielded blended outcomes. Examiners who have considered the discouragement segments freely have significantly brought negative outcomes. On the opposite side, models that consolidate likelihood of discipline with seriousness of such discipline yield result predictable with the desires for discouragement hypothesis. In this way, it is significant to treat all the three components of the hypothesis as a bundle as the segments bomb when unbundled. Amlie, Thomas T. Mitschow, Mark C. â€Å"Arthur Andersen and the death penalty debate.† Managerial Auditing Journal 19, 9 (2004): 1160-1172. Dã ¶lling, Dieter, et al. â€Å"Is prevention successful? Consequences of a Meta-Analysis of punishment.† European Journal of Criminology Research 15 (2009): 201-224.Advertising Searching for paper on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Mendes, Silvia M. â€Å"Certainty, Severity, and Their Relative Deterrent Effects: Questioning the Implications of the Role of Risk in Criminal Deterrence Policy.† Policy Studies Journal 32, 1 (2004): 59-74. Mendes, Silvia M. McDonald, Michael D. â€Å"Putting seriousness of discipline back in the prevention package.† Policy Studies Journal 29, 4 (2001): 588-610. Paternoster, Raymond. â€Å"How much do we truly think about criminal deterrence?† Journal of Criminal Law Criminology100, 3(Summer 2010): 765-823.

School Transportation Scholarships - Essay Examples to Help You Choose the Best One

School Transportation Scholarships - Essay Examples to Help You Choose the Best OneSchool transportation scholarships are one of the most common scholarships for underprivileged kids. A student will receive a grant of up to $2020 and that money will be used to pay for the expenses and tuition fees of the college course and maybe even to buy books and supplies.There are many different companies that offer this scholarship and this is a chance for students to get their own transportation vehicle. There are numerous grants and scholarships available but if you want to make the best use of your opportunity, then you must choose the right scholarship essay samples.There are various types of scholarship essays that are available and this is important as you have to find one that you like and one that you can adapt. The different types of scholarships that are out there will vary greatly in terms of what they pay for and how much they pay. This will depend on the type of school that you go to and where you live.Most scholarships will be worth about $500 and this will cover some of the tuition fees for the year. The other types of scholarships will pay from $2020 to $5000 and these scholarships do not cover tuition fees. You will need to find a place to live in the area in which you live.The same thing applies to paying for housing. You will need to find a place to live and this is something that will differ from person to person and family to family.Another aspect of choosing the best scholarship that you can use is the nature of the school. Some schools are very selective and are great places to get scholarships. But this can be a tough decision, because if you are lucky enough to get a scholarship, it will help pay for all your expenses and it will also mean that you will get more cash towards your college education.You should also decide on which school to apply for the scholarship that you want to apply for. This is not an easy decision because it depends on the q uality of the school and the nature of the college course that you want to take. One of the best things about the scholarship is that it will pay for tuition fees and will provide money for books and supplies.So that means that it is not just the fact that you get to read about the best school that you can go to or that you get to find the best essay samples for the university that you want to go to but you also get to save money. What more could you ask for?

Research background and motivation of ANSA - Free Essay Example

ANSA Automotive Limited (AAL) comprises four (4) main divisions, namely: Mc Enearney Motors, Diamond Motors, Classic Motors and Burmac Machinery. AAL represents the Automotive Sector of ANSA McAL Limited, one of the largest conglomerates in the Caribbean. This sector is one of five (5) key business sectors of ANSA McAL. The others are Brewery; Manufacturing and Distribution; Financial Services; and Media. Mc Enearney Motors is in fact the oldest of the companies, having been established around 1918 under the name of Charles McEnearney the first distributor of motor vehicles in Trinidad. In 1989 Charles McEnearney merged with H. E. Robinson Limited and the name was changed to McEnearney Robinson. In 1992 ANSA McAL bought out the interest in McEnearney Robinson and subsequently traded as Diamond Motors. Classic Motors was formed in 1992 to represent the Honda agency, and introduced the Accord, Civic, Legend, Prelude and CR-V to the local market, and has since acquired the Jaguar and Land Rover franchises. Burmac Machinery currently markets agricultural and industrial equipment, namely the Yale and New Holland line of heavy construction equipment. They are strategically located in Port of Spain, Chaguanas, San Fernando and Tobago, with a total staff complement of approximately three hun dred and ninety (390) employees, which can be classified as permanent, temporary, contract and casual labor. These employees are categorized mainly into Technical Staff (Mechanics, Electricians etc.); Administrative/Support Staff; Sales Executives; Supervisory and Management. This can be further broken down into, as outlined in the Organization Chart of the Sector. See Appendix 1 ANSA Automotive Limited, Organizational Chart. As evident by the aforementioned Organizational Chart, each division is spearheaded by a General Manager, who is responsible for the day-to-day operations of their respective organizations. At the helm of the Sector is a Managing Director who has overarching responsibility for AAL. A Board of Directors, chaired by a Chairman Automotive Division, governs the strategic direction of the sector. Additionally, the brand principals namely, Mitsubishi Corporation, Honda International and Ford USA maintain a close working relationship with the local deal ers to ensure that product and operating standards are maintained. Each division is structured into three core business units, namely, Sales, Service and Spare Parts Department. All of these business units are serviced by other core functional units, which are centralized to all four divisions. These core services include Information Technology; Finance; Internal Audit; Customs; and Human Resource Management. Key to maintaining its market position as one of the leading motor vehicle companies in Trinidad and Tobago is superior corporate growth. It is also one of its major challenges. 1.1.2 Motivation: The author has been fascinated with marketing since the late 90s. Since 1999 I have worked together with marketing in the Automobile Industry and it has always bubble my mind that the rich empirical and theoretical base which marketing rests on is not leveraged to its full potential. In my experience, marketing is often reduced to producing corporate brochures and customer seminars. Although this is important in the day-to-day operations I believe marketing has so much more to offer corporations and shareholders. 1.1.3 Rationale for the study 1.1.3.1 What is the research issue? The research issue is that marketing is not always considered of being capable of corporate growth and growth gurus, including Richard Foster, Clay Christensen, Gary Hamel and C.K Prahalad think not. In their views, marketing is too close to the immediate demands and requirements of current customers and competitors to contribute breakthrough sources for growth. However, marketing gurus Kotler Armstrong argue that there are several environmental factors pointing towards an increased importance of marketing as the driver and creator of competitive advantages and shareholder value. Doyle (2000) says that marketing-led growth is at the heart of value creation and Kumar (2004) says that managers must see marketing strategy as the driver of corporate strategy, because all value begins and ends with customers. 1.1.3.2 Why is it an issue? It is an issue because growth strategists dont see marketing in the automotive industry is capable o f corporate growth. 1.1.3.3 Why is it an issue now? It is an issue now because with the economics crisis marketing managers are asked to perform and television adds now are being advertise on how advertising on TV increase corporate growth and profit. 1.1.3.4 What could this research shed light on? This research would shed light on marketing is it capable to driving an organisation to corporate growth. Is it also an opportunity for me to develop this interest and seek ways to unlock the value of marketing in areas that are critical importance to the CEOs of today corporations. 1.2 Research Topic: This research is designed with the topic statement: An analysis and evaluation of marketing in driving corporate growth in the Automotive Industry 1.3 Aims: The aim of this paper is to offer an insight into the challenges and opportunities for leveraging marketing in achieving and sustaining competitive advantages in the automotive industry. It further seeks to unlock the value of marketing in areas that are critically important to managers. 1.4 Objectives: The objectives are to further investigate the marketing paradigm and its role in the corporate growth discussion in order to prove or disprove the dissertation hypothesis. This would be done by: To analyse the marketing strategies and its role in competitive advantages To evaluate the roles of marketing strategies in the automotive industry To provide a strategic comparison for gap analysis and To provide some strategic recommendations for corporate growth. For the Automotive Industry this dissertation will offer insights into the challenges and opportunities for leveraging marketing in achieving and sustaining competitive advantages for corporate growth. 1.5 Key Words: The key words for this proposal are corporate growth, strategic marketing and innovation. 1.6 Hypothesis Contemporary marketing and management thinkers believe that marketing should play a crucial role in driving corporate growth. This proposal is set out to evaluate the hypothesis: Marketing in the Automotive Industry: is capable of driving long term corporate growth. 1.7 Research Questions The hypothesis gives rise to the following primary research questions: What are the key strategic roles that marketing should perform in order to drive corporate growth. What are the critical success factors for marketings success in driving corporate growth? How well is marketing performing these roles? How well is marketing adhering to the critical success factors? Literature Review Conceptual Framework: Introduction This chapter examine the literature covering the topics of sustaining competitive advantages, marketing and corporate growth. The purpose of this review is to draw out the key theories, concepts and ideas around the subject marketing growth and innovation and to assess how various commentators and academics have reviewed this in the light of the changing business environment. Critical The output will be the literatures view on the key strategic roles that marketing must perform in order to drive corporate growth as well as a concrete set of critical success factors for achieving this. Corporate growth is on the top of every CEOs agenda. Executives are facing increased pressure for sustained growth while the markets are saturating and becoming more contested than ever. Most business leaders agree that growth is critical to long-term corporate success and to society at large. It is considered the most effective way of creating shareholder value, and growth also unleashes benefi ts beyond the economic. It revitalizes organisations and invigorates the people within them and finally it creates jobs in the community. However, only very few companies are able to achieve sustainable, profitable growth. Starting and sustaining profitable sales growth is a tough task. The reality is that only 10% of companies with above-average growth will sustain it for more than 10 years, Baghar et al. (1996). While the focus on the growth challenge has spurred a lot of attention in the management literature, there is one area which the author wishes to explore and that is the role of strategic marketing in the overall corporate growth discussion: Is marketing capable of driving long-term corporate growth? The marketing literature often does not hesitate to underline the importance of marketing as a discipline, and promotes the impact that marketing should have on the strategy formulation as well as on the strategic-direction ( Kerin and Varadarajan 1992). However, i f it is so obvious that marketing must play the lead role in shaping corporate strategy and hereunder the growth discussion, then why do growth experts such as Richard Foster ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.. Prahalad dismiss this idea! And similarly, what makes the likes of Kolter believe that marketing should indeed be driving corporate growth Key environmental drivers to change Environmental change: According to Doyle (2000) four particular changes of the new information age are reshaping the environment of business and require fundamental strategic and organizational responses from management: The globalization of markets, changing industrial structures, the information revolution and rising customer expectations. Globalization of the market The new information age has seen a dramatic shift to global markets and competition. Across more and more industries, firms that are not building global operations and marketing capabilities are loosing out. Changing the industries structures The information age is changing the nature of the profit opportunities available to businesses. Many markets that were once at the very heart of the economy have ceased to offer profit opportunities for Western firms. Other new markets are rapidly emerging that offer enormous profit opportunities to companies that can move fast and decisively to capitalize on them . The Information revolution Rapid scientific and technological changes continue to radically reshape many industries. But the most dramatic and far-reaching changes of the current era result from the revolution in information technology. The Internet, together with the emergence of broadband cellular radio networks, has created an explosion in connectivity that is revolutionizing almost every aspect of business. Rising customer expectations The information age has brought a marked rise in rising customer expectations. Buyers have grown to expect higher quality, competitive prices, and better and faster service. The most important causes have been the globalization of competition and the deregulation of markets. The impact on marketing: So what does all this mean to marketing? Kotler (2003) comments that todays major economic problem is overcapacity in most of the worlds industries. Customers are scarce, not products. Demand, not supply is the problem. Overcapacity leads to hyper-competition, with too many good chasing too few customers. And most goods and services lack differentiation. In essence, the Internet, technology, and globalization have combined to create a new economy. The old economy is built on the logic of managing manufacturing industries; the new economy is built on the logic of managing information and information industries. The impact of these environmental changes on marketing is significant. Marketing rather than production skills are becoming the key strategic capability necessary to create and sustain competitive advantage, Doyle (2000). 3. Research Methodology Design: Philosophy: The field of marketing lends itself to a positivism research philosophy and also feeds into some areas of some phenomenological philosophy. The interpretation of research outcomes is subjective, with emphasis placed on the underlying meaning and understanding of phenomena. Approach: The analysis of the research will be largely qualitative, however quantitative analysis will be used to highlight patterns and make the analysis more robust. The findings will be compared to theory in context in order to describe the patterns in which it exists. An inductive approach will be used in order to develop theory as a result of the research findings, although there will be an element of deduction in that the structure of the research will based on the academic literature. The research will be performed as a series of structured interviews and questionnaires. Effort was also made to select a range of organisations with the required characteristics such as market, sizes and life-spans, so the sample has a mix of homogenous and heterogeneous characteristics. I intend to interview one management participant from each organisation and the survey participants will be at least 10 of the employees working in marketing or related areas, depending on the size of the company. The semi-structured interviews will start with an organisational questionnaire to gain company information such as number of employees, number of research staff, annual turnover, market sector, products (type, number of different products, product volume and value). The remainder will cover a series of open ended questions to discuss the marketing practices in order to gain an understanding of the approach taken, the structure and effectiveness, how and why certain strategies work whilst others are less effective. Each participant will be asked to answer identical questions, but the order of the questions will not necessarily be fixed as this may detract from the flow of the interview. The survey is intended to supplement data from interviews and sample more widely the practices and individual perceptions in the organisation. The aim is to gain an understanding of how the marketing growth works and also the opinions and understanding of the employees. The questionnaire will h ave structured questions with set responses in order to map the marketing characteristics of the organisation. There will also be open questions for participants to make comments on the various aspects of marketing growth in their organisation. The author approach to the design of the interview and survey is as follows: Preliminary framework built on the review of theory from academic literature prior to design of questionnaires and structured interviews Pilot interview restructure the questions as necessary Pilot use of questionnaire restructure the questions as necessary Interviews notes taken during recording key words and phrases and creating full record immediately after interview Survey questionnaires explained and handed out/ collected during session 3.1 Method of Data Collection and Intended Analysis I intend to perform research in my own organisation, for which I have been granted verbal access to carry out the interviews and survey. In addition, I believe that I require at least 2 further organisations to benchmark and make comparison of the marketing practices and their effectiveness. I have contacted six organisations and have obtained a verbal agreement for access from one of them so far. I am confident that I will be able to gain the required number of participating organisations, however if I have less participants I can modify my research approach and increase the number of interview and survey participants at each organisation and complete a more in-depth study. In order to make the process run smoothly and to obtain a speedy and efficient response to the surveys I intend to run one or two sessions in the organisation where all of the participants will be present and during which I will hand out and collect the questionnaires. This will both ensure a high response r ate and that the correct participants answer the survey. In addition, it will enable me to explain clearly the aims of the research control how the survey is administered and make clear the type of information required for the open-ended part of the questionnaires. Using the inductive approach, the analysis of the interviews will be mostly qualitative, with the interviews used to understand the business environment. Quantitative analysis of the questionnaires will be used to map the characteristics of the organisations and discover patterns in the responses within organisations. Consideration of the data and patterns found in all of the organisations will be used in conjunction with academic theory to try to explain the findings and answer the research objectives posed in section above. 3.2 Design 3.2.1 Validity and Reliability In the design of the research approach I have considered the following: 3.2.1.1 Internal validity Increased through use of multiple sources of evidence, structured interviews and questionnaires (both closed and open questions). The design of questions and survey will be based on understanding of the theory from the literature and pilot testing of the interview and questionnaire will be used to make sure questions are understood as intended. 3.2.1.2 External validity Multiple cases considered to examine whether findings can be generalised over a number of organisations. There is no requirement to make a statistical analysis of the results for generalisation here as the approach chosen examines practices and their effectiveness. The aim is to explain the findings and explore generalisability through a comparison of findings with theory and using Excel, charts and statistics to show the analysis of the data. 3.2.1.3 Reliability Structured interviews with questions derived from literature in order to examine cases in same way. Surveys to back up the interviews and obtain views from a wider group and questionnaires all administered at the same time and in controlled manner, explanation to ensure participants all understand research in same way. 3.3. Limitations The author recognises that this type of research has its limitations and has summarized them: The author is not a trained interviewer The sample is not representative of the population The research is only from a subset of the overall Automotive Industry 3.4 Research Ethics The interviewees and survey participants will be given a clear written description of the purpose, scope and intended outcomes of the research. The type of information required for the research will be clearly stated as will the policy for anonymity and confidentiality. The research will be carried out in a way that will ensure confidentiality of the participant organisations and the individual participants in the surveys. Some organisations which participate in the research will not be named in the dissertation, nor will some interviewees and the questionnaires will be anonymous. 4. Time Scale The plan for the research project timescales is shown in the Gantt chart below. In summary, there are the following considerations in the project plan: 4.1 Literature review Already performed background literature search to help formulate research ideas, anticipate further extensive period of research before writing the Literature Review. The final literature survey before completion of the manuscript to cover any newly published work. 4.2 Questionnaire/ Interview Design Have form of questionnaire which needs adapting for use. Intend to design the structured interview and questionnaire after the majority of the literature review is complete, will both be piloted and their design reviewed. 4.3 Interviews and Surveys Visit participant organisations to carry out interviews and surveys during August and September 2010. An efficient and rapid response is expected as surveys issued and collected whilst at the participant organisations. 4.4 Data Analysis Structured interviews with responses analysed qualitatively. Surveys coded and responses analysed quantitatively. 4.5 Dissertation Drafts Produce drafts of the dissertation sections for content discussion with supervisor throughout the timescale below, then draft dissertation will be of required standard with only minor revision required for submission. The main resource required to carry out the research is my time, I have the support of my employers to carry out this research and I will be able to take days out of work to visit the participant organisations. I have the means to visit the participants (who are all in the TT) and also to analyse the data and write up the dissertation.